Police Disretion Essay examples - 1128 Words

POLICE DISCRETION Police officers are faced each day with a variety of situation in which they must deal; therefore we should ask ourselves the following questions: Should police officers enforce the law equally in all situations? In what situations should police officers be allowed to not enforce the law? What types of situations would they be required to fully enforce the law? Why does police discretion exist? What are its strengths and weaknesses? And what is the relationship between police discretion and police ethics? When enforcing the law, for police officers not two situations they encounter are ever the same, even when examine a large number of situations over an extended period of time. The officers are usually in the†¦show more content†¦As we shall find, the exercise of discretion by police has benefits and problems associated with such exercise. The unfettered use of discretion can lead to the denial of citizen rights. Police officers should be allowed to use their own discretio n in petty circumstances such as children writing on walls. Police use their discretion all the time to prioritize and to be efficient. If a cop pulled over every single person who had a headlight out or gave a ticket to every jaywalker, they wouldnt have time to catch real criminals. Police officers are always allowed to enforce the law when they are in their own jurisdiction. They can decide not to enforce certain minor crimes and misdemeanors but they have to enforce felonies. The use of discretion is real just. With such a broad volume of discretion apparently in nearly every aspect of police decision making what strengths does this level of discretion have? Police work and the work environment require the use of discretion. Decisions must be made very quickly, usually without time for input from another source. This is despite the fact that a bureaucratic structure exists for the department as a whole. Moreover, communities cannot agree on what constitutes criminal behavior or the level to which criminal behavior should be sanctioned or ignored. A prime example is that of the skid-rows areas. The approach taken by most police in dealing with the skid-row â€Å"problem† or

Free The Mind By Phie Ambo - 964 Words

Our mental health is just as essential as our physical health. When our body is damaged, we seek treatment and more often than not the road to recovery is straightforward. When our brain becomes damaged however, the answer to treatment is not always clear and what may work for one person isn’t guaranteed to work for the next. Advancements in scientific research have forged a new path for possible methods of treatment, though we are still left not fully understanding why our brains react the way they do. Free the Mind by Phie Ambo follows Dr. Richard Davidson, Emma Seppald and a handful of their research patients, as well as a young boy named Will. In the film, Davidson expresses that he believes meditation could play a key role in improving the mental health in both veterans suffering from PTSD and children facing disorders like ADHD. Phie Ambo’s film Free the Mind (2012) persuades the viewer to choose meditation for the improvement of mental health by providing emoti onal triggers and scientific research. To start, the film ‘teases’ its potential viewers by first introducing them to Will, a young boy with ADHD. The curiosity over Will is sparked quickly when we learn of his fear of elevators, which came to be after an incident when he became stuck in one. We are pushed to sympathize with him as the camera zooms in close on his face, watching him cry in terror shortly after being asked to take a ride in one of his school’s elevators. The fear he experiences is relatable asShow MoreRelatedFree The Mind By Phie Ambo926 Words   |  4 Pagesleft not fully understanding why our brains react the way they do. Free the Mind by Phie Ambo follows Dr. Richard Davidson, Emma Seppald and some of their research patients, as well as a young boy named Will. In the film Davidson expresses that he believes meditation could play a key role in improving the mental health in both veterans suffering from PTSD and children facing disorders like ADHD. Phie Ambo’s film Free the M ind (2012) persuades the viewer to choose meditation for the improvement

Goods and Services Tax Law †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Goods and Services Tax Law. Answer: Introduction: The current case study is based on Ming and Tori who decide to sell their book shop after being approached by one their major competitor to purchase their business. Section 32-325 of the GST Act GST Act In spite of goods and service tax was introduced during the last decade the going Management concept of going concern exemption and the criterion that needs to be complied in order to qualify for the exemption along with the tax benefits, which is accompanied by the sale of business as the going concern. As stated under Section 32-325 of the GST Act the sale of business for Ming and Tori will be considered as the GST-free supply since the business was the going concern at the time of selling (Yong and Ma 2015). Furthermore, the sale of business was the payment or consideration, which the purchaser and the seller have agreed that the supply forms the part of going concern. According to the Australian taxation office and the sale of business will qualify for the GST exemption Management under the going concern as the operating business at the time of transferring the purchaser (Tang 2016). According to the GST Act, it is stated that the supply of going concern will be considered as tax free on satisfaction of each of the following; The sale occurring for considerations The buyer is required or registered to be under the GST The parties have also decided in writing that supply is of going concern. As evident in the current case study, Ming and Tori can apply for the going concern exemption in order to reduce their tax consequences since the business at the time of selling was considered to be a going concern and such sale would be regarded as GST exempted. This will provide the purchaser of not providing any extra finances to cover the GST and pay less up for the business. Reference list: Tang, C., 2016. Australian GST update2015.World Journal of VAT/GST Law,5(1), pp.32-41. Yong, S.E. and Ma, M., 2015. A comparative study of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) implications Management on real property transactions in Australia and New Zealand.

Company Law Shafron v ASIC Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Company Law Shafron v ASIC. Answer: Introduction Peter James Shafron v Australian Securities and Investments Commission (2012) HCA 18; 286 ALR 612 is amongst the leading cases of present times which sets out an example of what happens when the directors or the key officers of the company, fail to fulfil their obligations covered under the Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth), particularly the ones given in Part 2D.1 (Paolini, 2014). This part covers the duties and responsibilities of directors and other officers of the company. This case was the one in which the court held that there had been contravention of the provisions of this act and so Shafron was made liable. The case became famous as the same was brought to the attention of the world after the scandal of James Hardie. The appeal made by Shafron had also been rejected by the High Court, whereby the decision of the Court of Appeal was deemed as the correct one and hence upheld (Jacobson, 2012). This discussion would elucidate this case in an IRAC based style, where the arguments mad e by the parties would be highlighted, along with the judgment of this case. Factual Background Peter James Shafron had been associated with James Hardie Industries Limited (JL) as a company secretary and general counsel since the period of August 1998. However, he was not appointed on the post of company secretary in a formal manner till the period of November 1998. In 1999, the joint company secretary for JL was brought on roll and this was Donald Cameron. During the middle of February 2011, a meeting of the board of the company was held for discussing and considering on the proposal which separated the company, specifically the two of the group companies, and this was done in the backdrop of the liability being faced by the company due to the asbestos issue (Boyce and Macinnis, 2012). Issue The key issue of this case was related to the breach of duties of an officer by Shafron on the two key claims of ASIC regarding the ASX matter and in the actuarial issue. Rule The Corporations Act, 2001 is a key piece of legislation in Australia which provides the duties for the officers of the company and also gives them certain responsibilities, which need to be followed in a strict manner (Armstrong Lawyers, 2007). A contravention of these duties not only results in civil but criminal liabilities as well. Part 2D.1 of this act has the first section which deals with the duty of the officer to act in a diligent and a careful manner (WIPO, 2015). Section 180(1) of this act provides that the officers of the company have to use their powers and discharge their duties in a manner where care and diligence is shown, in such a manner which would be considered as reasonable by a person holding such position and was faced with similar situation as the one faced by the officer in question (ICNL, 2017). A contravention of this section results in civil liabilities being attracted which are covered under section 1317E of this act (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). Through this section, the court gets the declaration making power whereby it makes a declaration of contravention against the violators of different sections including section 180(1) (Cassidy, 2006). Upon this declaration being made by the court, the ASIC attains the power of making an application for a disqualification order to be passed against the officer based on section 206C, in addition to making an application under section 1317G for pecuniary penalties against the violator. This declaration of contravention covers the reasons for which the breach had been construed to have been made (Baxt, 2007). Analysis (including legal arguments) The case revolved around the allegations made by the ASIC where they deemed Shafron as the officer of the company, as a result of which, the duties stated under section 180(1) of the Corporations Act became applicable on him. The base of this claim was the incompetence of Shafron where he did not give the proper advice to the chief executive of JL or to the board of the company regarding the additional information in the matter of separation proposal, which as per the requirements of the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX), had to be disclosed. Apart from this, Shafron was also claimed to have failed in his duties as an officer for not providing the JLs board the reasonable advice on the matter of the actuarial reports, on which reliance had been placed by the board while deciding on the separation proposal in which there was a lack of the superimposed inflation. The claim regarding this particular violation was based on the requirement of reasonableness in which a reasonable person would prepare a report which would have shown the truth in place of depicting superimposed inflation. The superimposed inflation depicted that the claim costs had been born on yearly rates, which was higher than the rate of inflation. Thus, there had been a clear violation of the duties of office by Shafron in ASX matter and in the actuarial issue (Kemp Strang Lawyers, 2012). It was contended by Shafron that the applicability of section 180(1) had to be restricted to his functions as a company secretary. He further stated that the violations which had been alleged against him were that of a general counsel and not that of an officer of the company (Jacobson, 2012). He also argued that he had to be put in same light as David as his functions were strictly administrative. He also stated that he had never participated in the decision making of the company, let alone in the separation proposal. And so, he claimed that in both the claimed instances, he had not contravened any duty (Czoch and Whalebelly, 2012). He also contended that he had placed reliance on external lawyers of JL regarding the additional disclosure requirements in context of ASX issue. As the decision was given against him by the NSW Court of Appeal, he made an appeal in the High Court of Australia (High Court of Australia, 2012). Conclusion (judgment and role of court) Even though the parties did not claim on the satisfaction of section 9 of this act for holding Shafron as the JLs company secretary, the same was still analysed by the NSW Court of Appeal. The wordings of section 9 were analysed for this purpose where it was shown that an individual had to be deemed as an officer of the company only when the person holds a senior post in the company, which is just below the level of the board. An individual participating in the decision making of the company would be deemed as an officer of the company for the purpose of section 9 (Austlii, 2017). Two grounds were held for holding Shafron as an officer of the company (Hunt, 2012). The first one was related to his position as a company secretary of JL; and second was due to his participating in the decision-making of JL in a substantial way (Scott, 2012). For showing that there had been a contravention by Shafron, there was a need to analyse the possibility of the role of Shafron to be divided for having the capacity of impacting the results. In this regard, there was a need to analyse the wording of section 180(1) of this act where it was covered that the actual responsibility of the actual company officer had to be analysed. For this, reference was made to the general counsel of JL. Hence, the reference was not solely based on him being a company secretary but him being the office of JL (Boyce and Macinnis, 2012). The Court of Appeal had held that there had indeed been a contravention of the quoted section by Shafron and this was in both the matters, i.e., the ASX and the actuarial matter. This was because Shafron had alaw background and owing to his qualifications of being a company secretary, he was required to raise these matters before the board of JL. He was also closely linked in the modelling of cash flow which was based on actuarial report which made it his responsibility for brining the issue to the notice of the board as he was the company secretary, and also to inform that about the limitation covered under the modelling of cash flow. These contraventions were deemed as ample by the Court of Appeal which led them to believe that Shafron owed a duty of care in both the issues as JLs company secretary and that he same had been breached. This decision was appealed against by Shafron in High Court, which upheld the decision of the Court of Appeal For showing that there had been a contra vention by Shafron, there was a need to analyse the possibility of the role of Shafron to be divided for having the capacity of impacting the results. In this regard, there was a need to analyse the wording of section 180(1) of this act where it was covered that the actual responsibility of the actual company officer had to be analysed. For this, reference was made to the general counsel of JL. Hence, the reference was not solely based on him being a company secretary but him being the office of JL (Boyce and Macinnis, 2012). When the matter reached the High Court, they held that the majority of the bench was of the view that Shafron did indulge in some functions which were that of company secretary and in other instances as a general counsel. In the opinion of Justice Heydon, the two roles played by Shafron could not be bifurcated and it could not be shown that he could do some things as general counsel and some things as a company secretary. The severance of the functions could not be established between Shafron and David and it also could not be shown that Shafron had the same administrative functions as that of David (Boyce and Macinnis, 2012). The court also took into consideration the decision making of Shafron as he was participated in the decision making process of the company. He was at a senior level which was amongst the top levels of the company. This separation proposal being conducted by the board had a major role of Shafron as he was the one who formed the proposal. So, his actions made it apparent that he was participating in the decision making of the company. Hence, a duty of care was owed by him towards JL in the view of the High Court (Boyce and Macinnis, 2012). The court thus rejected all of the objections and allegations made by Shafron and came to the conclusion that there had indeed been a contravention of section 180(1) of the Corporations Act, as was provided by the NSW Court of Appeal. The High Court rejected his claim of reliance on external lawyers as they were not extended to the matter at hand in either express or implied manner. The lack of requisite knowledge about the superimposed inflation was also rejected by the High Court. The reason for quashing this contention was based on the clear knowledge which Shafron held regarding the cost claims and these were shown to be rising at a faster pace in comparison to the rates of inflation, which showed that he held the requisite knowledge. The failure of Shafron in upholding his duties thus impacted the actuarial issues, where he had to bring forth this matter before the board of JL, which Shafron failed to do (Boyce and Macinnis, 2012). The verdict of the High Court shows the need of the directors and officers of the companies in Australia to follow the provisions of the Corporations Act and to follow these strictly. The case also showed an example of the hierarchy structure of the judiciary in the nation, where the matters are first refereed to lower courts and then to the highest court in hierarchy to decide on the matter at hand. References Armstrong Lawyers. (2007) Directors Duties. [Online] Armstrong Lawyers. Available from: https://www.vcta.asn.au/documents/item/400 [Accessed on: 24/11/2017] Austlii. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Austlii. Available from: www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/ [Accessed on: 24/11/2017] Baxt, R. (2007) Duties and Responsibilities of Directors and Officers. 19th ed. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia: The Australian Institute of Company Directors. Boyce, L., and Macinnis, A. (2012) Shafron v ASIC - general counsel, or counsel of perfection?. [Online] Dibbs Barker. Available from: https://www.dibbsbarker.com/publication/Shafron_v_ASIC_-_general_counsel__or_counsel_of_perfection.aspx [Accessed on: 24/11/2017] Cassidy, J. (2006) Concise Corporations Law. 5th ed. New South Wales, Australia: The Federation Press. Czoch, K., and Whalebelly, R. (2012) Australia: The James Hardie Decisions: ASIC v Hellicar Ors [2012] HCA17; Shafron v ASIC [2012] HCA 18. [Online] Mondaq. Available from: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/176336/Directors+Officers+Executives+Shareholders/The+James+Hardie+Decisions+ASIC+v+Hellicar+Ors+2012+HCA17+Shafron+v+ASIC+2012+HCA+18 [Accessed on: 24/11/2017] Federal Register of Legislation. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Federal Register of Legislation. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 [Accessed on: 24/11/2017] High Court of Australia. (2012) Peter James Shafron v Australian Securities and Investments Commission. [Online] High Court of Australia. Available from: https://www.hcourt.gov.au/assets/publications/judgment-summaries/2012/hcasum18_Shafron_v_ASIC.pdf [Accessed on: 24/11/2017] ICNL. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] ICNL. Available from: https://www.icnl.org/research/library/files/Australia/Corps2001Vol4WD02.pdf [Accessed on: 24/11/2017] Jacobson, D. (2012) ASIC v Shafron: Liability Of Company Secretary (James Hardie). [Online] Bright Law. Available from: https://www.brightlaw.com.au/asic-v-shafron-liability-of-company-secretary-james-hardie/ [Accessed on: 24/11/2017] Kemp Strang Lawyers. (2012) James Hardie decisions - implications for general counsel and company secretaries. [Online] Kemp Strang Lawyers. Available from: https://www.kempstrang.com.au/publication/james-hardie-decisions-implications-general-counsel-and-company-secretaries [Accessed on: 24/11/2017] Paolini, A. (2014) Research Handbook on Directors Duties. Northampton, Massachusetts, United States: Edward Elgar. Scott, P.D. (2012) Shafron v Australian Securities and Investments Commission. University of Tasmania Law Review, 31(2). WIPO. (2015) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] WIPO. Available from: https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=370817 [Accessed on: 24/11/2017]

Affects of Video Games

Affects of Video Games Free Online Research Papers From Atari to Nintendo to now Playstation 3, video game systems have develop into some of the greatest past time games to play alone or with friends. The generation of the 21st century have made video game companies one of the riches people due to sales and increase of popularity. Parents don’t mind buying video games for their kids and have no problem with it but there are a side of video games that is not being revealed. Although video games are fun and entertaining, companies and parents need to re-evaluate the way they affect gamers behaviorally, mentally, and learning abilities. Some say that video games have minimal impact on young teenagers behavior,pointing out that most video-game players live completely normal lives. But this has not yet been proven by anybody in black and white, therefore, just because a player does not immediately imitate specific violent acts found in video games does not mean the games will have no long-term negative impact on that player’s views and behavior. Because of this possibility, parents should assume responsibility for evaluating video games and should prohibit young teenagers from purchasing those that are especially violent. Some parents tend to buy these video for their children even though they are not old enough to buy or play them. Children play these games all the time and the video games get locked into their heads and think that it is ok to repeat these actions. In addition, playing violent video games adversely affects psychological health by actually addicting players to its entertainment. One of the most troubling influences videogames have on players is the medium’s remarkable ability to fixate a player’s attention or, to borrow psychologist Sherry Turkle’s term, its â€Å"holding power† (30), a state well illustrated in Fig. 1. Addictive reactions in the body can be linked to some of the visual and aural signals found in video gamessignals that cause the eyes, for example, to stop blinking for extended periods. This phenomenon triggers the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter thought by some to be the â€Å"master molecule of addiction† (Quittner). Is this chemical association the reason forty out of the fortyseven top-rated Nintendo games have violence as their theme (Cesarone)? The video-game industry, however, claims that it can censor itself with its own labels. Its goal, of course, is to prevent restrictive legislation that would cost it â€Å"hordes of young gamers† (Boal, â€Å"One Step†). The makers of Kingpin, a particularly violent game, have tried to protect the sale of their game by declaring that it was never intended for young audiences. Besides the pressure from peers and teachers in school, some adolescents have trouble maintaining a good standard in school. In some cases it may be that their learning abilities need extra attention, trouble at home or even the affect of video games effecting their brain by struggling with concentration on school instead of video games. Video games do not help adolescents learn the proper way or the right things they need to know. For instance, Games that mimic military combat training not only encourage brutality but also totally ignore teaching players about restraintone more reason violent games should be offlimits. These games are making the military look very bad and give the sense that this is what the military is about. Military combat games should show examples of how the military is not only about war and fighting. This is like all other games that show killing like Zoom, Grand theft Auto, or any others. These game is basically all about fighting, killing, stealing, and eve rything else in between that should not be display in games to kids and young teenagers. Parents should view these games or do some research on them before giving them to their children. They should even remember that video games have the ratings on them like Rated R, Pg 13, or PG. All ratings should be taken into consideration and parents should know that their kids cant play every game out there and that they are restricted to what they can play. Parents should not accept violence as entertainment in gamesand they should not think that such violence can’t affect the way their children look at the world and at other human beings. Video games are not the only contributing factor to society’s tendencies toward violence, but they are having an influence. For this reason, we all must take responsibility for the way we use video games. Cesarone, Bernard. â€Å"Video Games and Children.† Parenthood.com Jan. 1994. 12 Sept. 2004 . Quittner, Joshua. â€Å"Are Video Games Really So Bad?† Time 10 May 1999. 10 Sept. 2004 . Turkle, Sherry. Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet. New York: Simon, 1995. Research Papers on Affects of Video GamesThe Hockey GameEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyTrailblazing by Eric AndersonCapital PunishmentThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseHip-Hop is ArtStandardized TestingRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Responding to Wii Essays

Responding to Wii Essays Responding to Wii Essay Responding to Wii Essay On the other hand, there are game developers, who provide the games for the specific console with which end-users play. Both end-users and game developers are customers of providers of video game consoles, namely Nintendo (WI console), Sony (Palpitation 3 console), and Microsoft (Oxbow 360 console). They are customers because providers enter into transactions with each of them and both are sources of revenue streams, end users through the purchase of video game consoles and game developers through the payment of royalties for the right to sell games for the video game console. End users and game developers also carry out transactions between them, namely through the acquisition of games offered for the console. There is a difference though in the number of relationships, as developers establish transactions with all three, while end users only with one of the three providers. The market is not only an example of a platform, but most importantly of the existence of network externalities in the market. End users find more value In their consoles as the end user base Increases, since each individual would be able to share and exchange gaming experiences with more end seers. They also find more value in their consoles as the other pool of customers, that is, game developers, increases. This is due to the fact that more game developers imply more games available to choose from. Developers also find more value in the platform as the number of end users increases, since having a sufficient number of purchasers of their games Is what determines the profitability of their software development efforts. Providers of video game consoles subsidize end users, since these customers are more price-sensitive than game developers and are the ones ho have a higher interest in obtaining high quality from the gaming experience. When a new console is launched, the price that end users pay for their consoles is generally below or at the cost of production. Prices of games, on the other hand, mainly depend on the quality of each title, on the pool of titles available for each console, and on the relative reputation of game developers and publishers. Game developers pay providers of video game consoles a fixed royalty per game produced for the console. Current competitors for Nintendo are Sony and Microsoft. Up until Wigs launch, it can be said that the three console providers competed exactly for the same end user market, namely traditional video gamers. At that point Sony, with the Play Stations 2 and 3 was a clear in the market, based on a better quality product. Nintendo, through the launch of Its WI console, Introduced a radical Innovation, which extended video gaming Into customer segments that had not been reached Deter: Tamales, women, older people, sports lovers, Ana trotter a new way AT playing with the video console much more interactive. This extension is what has given Nintendo the leadership in the market, not superior resources or capabilities that are impossible to replicate. Competition from established rivals is the most important source of competitive pressure in the industry. Being in a platform market with network externalities, the three providers battle for a broader end user base that will make their platforms even more valuable to both sides of the market. It is important to bear in mind, however, that the platform market is crossing boundaries into the broader home PC and entertainment industries, an issue that is determinant in Microsofts decision to enter the video game industry. This is important to consider when evaluating the profitability of the industry, for low or negative returns of some players do not imply that the industry is not potentially profitable. In particular, Microsofts goals are probably more related with strengthening the network effects of the platform with an eye set on offering products and services beyond gaming. Nintendo, on the other hand, is probably more focused on the development of the gaming industry only, with no view to crossing further boundaries. Additionally, both Nintendo and Sony have a portable console (Nintendo ADS and Sony SSP) which trenches their position in the market and provides a source of economies of scale. Power in the industry lies with providers of video game consoles. Game developers depend on the technological capabilities of the consoles to offer new attractive games. Console providers have the ability to determine which game developers can offer products for their platforms, and it is console providers who offer the development tools and support needed for software development efforts. End users, although highly motivated by quality, ultimately limit their choice of video game insoles to the offerings of the market, based on their price sensitivity and perceived total cost of ownership. End users clearly value the products offered in the industry, as evidenced by the fact that all latest generation consoles sold out at launch and the three companies experienced supply shortage to meet demand. They additionally face switching costs, given that their purchased games cannot be played with a competitors console. Finally, end users, independently of the console want to have access to all games, so most developers are forced to develop versions for the three insoles, and their power is therefore limited. Microchip producers (Intel, MOM, Toshiba), although supplying a product that is highly important for the technological capabilities of the consoles, lack the capacity to command power due to the fact that their business relation with their customers is not limited to console production but rather encompass the broader consumer electronics industries. In some cases, specifically with the Oxbow and Palpitations, manufacturing is not carried out by the company itself, but rather is outsourced to manufacturing companies (such as Hon. Ha Precision Industry). These do not hold, however, major power within the industry, given the importance of their major customers in their total sales. Substitutes in this industry are other home entertainment systems that are not necessarily focused on video games. PC-based video games could also be considered a substitute, as well as mobile gaming. However, none of these closely substitute console gaming. Portable consoles represent an extension, as allow end users to play in another environment. There are high barriers to entry since network effects are strong, multi-homing costs Tort Ana users lead teen to prefer navels one or two consoles, Ana current console providers enjoy market power. A highly developed technology is another barrier. For a new player to enter it would need to offer a superior console, with some sort of compatibility that allows end users to use the games they have invested in, or absorbing the cost that end users would incur when considering the switch. Console development and marketing, however, require billions of dollars, building relationships with developers, and passive response from current console providers. Envelopment from different platform markets could theoretically be possible, but existing players (mainly Microsoft and Sony) could also be in a position to counter- envelop. As a result of the key players experience and capabilities in other technology businesses broader than video gaming, the industry has evolved by including functionalities and services beyond the gaming experience. Platform envelopment attempts by another platform market could lead to price wars that reduce the attractiveness of the industry to potential entrants. Nintendo, Sony and Microsoft are all well positioned within the industry. They all have growing end user bases and relationships with game developers, leading to network externalities in their platform markets. Nintendo has always had higher operating margins, even when Sony was the leader of the industry. This is mostly, however, a result of the higher royalty fees that they extract from game developers, a distribution of power that will not necessarily hold to the future, considering that competitors have the potential to offer exciting and attractive capabilities for developers in their new consoles. Higher margins may also be the result of having a higher proportion of Ames developed in-house, which would be a sign that their expertise are in game development rather than in consoles. Sony and Microsoft, given their technological capabilities, relations with providers and marketing expertise, might be in a better position to further evolve the functionalities beyond the gaming experience as the industry crosses boundaries. Microsofts expertise in digital distribution could place it in a better position to reduce costs and expand their reach, and therefore allow them to make some strategic moves that could improve their current market position s a distant third. Strategic Resources and Capabilities of Nintendo and Competitors The video gaming industry, and specifically the provision Microsoft has distinctive capabilities in product development, marketing, and distribution. They are also famous for organizing for creativity, meaning that they encourage disagreement and criticism to spur better creative solutions. They also have strengths in the flexibility of their production, in the sense that they can respond quickly to product development opportunities (partly due to their outsourcing arrangements). Finally, Microsoft has immense financial resources. This is important when you consider that they can further develop capacities that they need through acquisitions. Sony has had a strong record in consumer electronics industry. It has strong capabilities in video technology. It has a large customer base and strong relationships with game developers. They introduced backward compatibility in their Palpitations, which shows their ability to redefine customer expectations and change industry practices. From its industry experience Sony has strong relations with movie studios and similar content providers. It also set the standard for high definition DVD format (the negative side of this is that Sony will find it difficult to price its Palpitation below stand-alone Blue-Ray players Tanat ten company NAS licenses to nutcrackers). Nintendo, on the other hand, lacks sustainable superior technological expertise. Their WI console offers considerably lower graphics processing power, no DVD compatibility, and no capability for audio surround sound. Nineteens relations with game developers were not as strong as its competitors, evidenced by the fact that they had to develop more games in-house. The products advantage was its ease of use, its innovation in motion-sensing controllers, and its appeal to a broader audience of end users, aspects that can be addressed by Microsoft and Sony to regain market share. Unlike its competitors, Nintendo relies completely on the video game industry for its revenues. The company has strong experience in cross- functional teams, important for product development. Evaluation of Strategic Alternatives Based on their strategic resources and capabilities, the recommendation is for Microsoft first to extend the WI functionalities, to retain and increase their current ease of end users. Second, they should also develop their product to target the family segment that Nintendo tapped. Microsoft needs to further strengthen the network externalities of its platform by aggressively expanding its end user base, and has the technological know-how to match and surpass the technological developments of the WI console. Its strength in product development would allow the company to bring to market a suitable solution relatively quickly, and its marketing and distribution capabilities would allow Microsoft to aggressively compete against WI. The company Leary cannot ignore Nineteens leadership, not only because of the end users that the leader is gaining but also because Sony had to attempt regaining market share through matching the WI interactive capabilities, and they have Just launched their Play Station Move in France (http://FRR. Allocation. Com/smoke/). A third step would bring additional features that would be of interest to the expanded customer segments, increasing the functionalities offered to end users (playing and downloading movies and music, playbills, internet access, e-commerce, etc). Expanding the customer base to reach individuals in the 34-65 year range means hat Microsoft could bundle some of its non-gaming software products with the console, effectively expanding the usability of the console. Alternatively, using its platform Microsoft could envelop another unrelated platform from an industry in which the companys resources and capabilities can be applied. This way the company would exponentially expand the network externalities of its multifunctional platform. For example, Microsoft could challenge incumbents dominance in mobile applications through expansion of its online gaming capabilities into the mobile device. This way, end users who value Oxbow online gaming and mobile gaming would benefit from having a mobile phone powered by Microsofts software. Another example could be using its platform, its expertise in e-commerce and its relationships with content providers to create an online store with the same scope as tunes. Currently games can be purchased online, but there is no challenger to tunes domain in digital music downloads. The objective would be to tie the store to the console, in such a way that end users find it worthwhile to switch to Microsoft as their digital music provider, and eliminating their switching costs.

Edward Estlin Cummings Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Edward Estlin Cummings - Research Paper Example He was named after his father although he was called by his middle name by the family. His father was a successful man as once he was a professor of Sociology and political science at the Harvard University before proceeding to become a renowned minister of a church located in Boston. This gave Cummings the opportunity in education and development as compared to other children because his father knew the value of education, therefore, doing all he could to provide the opportunity to his children. Cummings spent most of his time with his mother Rebecca s and sister, Elizabeth as they were the ones closets to him. This was when his destiny in poetry was predicted because he did a lot of writing as directed by his mother. In addition, he started writing poems under the watchful of his mother who directed on him on things to do and things not to do. He was a smart boy, and his mother encouraged him to write more poetry everyday. His home environment encouraged his poetic attitude as he h ad the opportunity to be affiliated with philosophers like William James and Josiah Royce who were family friends. Cummings went a head with his education and graduated from the Harvard University in 1915 with a certificate. Cummings from an early age studied Latin and Greek, and this explains his affinity for later works like XAIPE which is a Greek word meaning â€Å"Rejoice†, â€Å"Anthropos† a Greek word meaning â€Å"human† and â€Å"Puella Mea† a latin word â€Å"my girl†. ... This was when he started active participation into his life long career of writing and composing poems. Later life (Biography) Cummings attended Harvard University where he got a B.A. degree in 1915 and proceeded to obtain his Masters for English and Classical studies in 1916. Cummings labored on the newspaper of the school alongside Dos Passos and S. Foster Damon who were fellow Havard Aesthetes. During his final year at Havard University, the influence of writers such as Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound was so great. He graduated magna cum laude in the year 1916, delivering a commencement address that was controversial entitled â€Å"The New Art†. This is the speech that gave him the first taste of notoriety since he was able to give a false impression that Amy Lowel, the well-liked imagist poet whom he so admired was â€Å"abnormal†. These chastised Cummings in the newspapers. He turned to poetry as he was ostracized because of his intellect. On September 21, 1917, he a nd his friend William Slater Brown got arrested as they were suspected of espionage. They both expressed anti-war views openly, and Cummings specifically talked of his lack of hatred towards the Germans. They were detained in a military detention camp where they languished for three and half years. He was released from the camp on December 19, 1917 due to much intervention from his father who was politically connected. He returned to United States in the year 1918. Later he was taken into the army where he served at the 73rd Infantry Division at the Camp Devens, Massachusetts until 1918 November. In 1921, he returned to Paris where he remained there for two years. He later moved on to take his new job in New York City where his role was to write

Leadership in Clinical Nursing Education Research Proposal

Leadership in Clinical Nursing Education - Research Proposal Example nces where he observed the significant role of nurses in extraordinary circumstances (it will be better if you add one example that you have experienced), such as that in emergency departments, intensive care units, etc. However, during such experiences, it was an observation that these experiences were nothing like that is usually mentioned in nurses’ theoretical framework in Oman, and there is an urgent need of efficient in-service clinical nursing education. In other words, it is an understanding that the role of nursing as a profession, as well as their status and character needs alteration in the context of Omani healthcare environments that will be possible by the availability of high-quality in-service clinical nursing education. In this regard, findings and outcomes of the proposed research will act as foundation of such premise that will be beneficial for the new generation of nurses in the country in terms of new opportunities for the acquisition of capabilities and skills required. In addition, it will be advantageous for the government, as it will have the opening to redefine the notion of nursing in the country. PRELIMINARY LITERATURE REVIEW Brief review of the literature (Marquis & Huston, 2008) has indicated that nursing enjoys massive popularity in developed parts of the globe due to its significant role of caring in human lives. However, in developing nations, it still lacks importance, and most importantly, there seems a gap between realistic circumstances and theoretical frameworks existing in clinical nursing education. The basic disparity is that all nurses receive the same nature of education during their learning process; however, it is an observation (Miller, 2008) that when confront realistic healthcare settings, nurses feel disparity between... This paper approves that researcher completely understands the significance of ethical consideration in the research, and thus, while carrying out primary research methodology, the researcher will put extra efforts to ensure confidentiality and privacy of participants for the fulfillment of ethical guidelines. For this purpose, the researcher will endeavor to acquire written permission from the ethics committee of the universities, as well as from the hospitals. At the same time, researcher will inform participants about objectives of the proposed study before beginning of the data collection process that will be a way of encouraging truthful answers from the participants and ensuring data integrity. In addition, during the interview, the researcher will ensure that name of the participant remain anonymous in order to avoid any unwilling response during the study. This paper makes a conclusion that in particular, the proposal indicates intention of the researcher to bring a change, particularly, in the regulatory organization for nurses in the Sultanate of Oman in terms of the status of nursing as a profession. In addition, the researcher anticipates an alteration in the form of a new framework of in-service education that will be beneficial for the healthcare industry, as well as for education sector of the country. Briefly, the researcher expects that after approval of the research, findings of the proposed study will be an efficient contribution to the world of academia in the form of a published report, and believes that recommendations of the proposed study will play a noteworthy role in enhancing the role of nurses and nursing in the future.

Concept Analysis Paper Anxiety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Concept Analysis Paper Anxiety - Essay Example In other words, the paper would provide basis for research and management of anxiety related disorders and at the same time acting as an educational tool in the nursing field (Bouras & Holt, 2007). The purpose of this analysis was to demystify anxiety as a clinical condition. It will give a several insight into various features of the concept and examine the different consequences of this condition on patients. Anxiety and other related conditions are some of the most common mental reasons for seeking medical help today. A recent study statistics indicated that 25% of the global population have exhibited signs of anxiety. This therefore is a serious worrying trend for nursing practitioners and medical profession in general as it signifies serious medical health problem. Consequently, the need for concept analysis in anxiety would act as an important tool through which nurses can enhance their management skills as far as anxiety is concerned (Hayes and Strosahl, 2004) Definition of co ncept In common usage anxiety is a defense mechanism that triggers in the mind. This state when blown out of proportion can result to a serious psychological problem. It can also be defined as thoughts or worrying about the future events which can either be good or bad, meaning that a person who is worried about is future can suffer from anxiety. In nursing usage anxiety is defined as a combination of several biochemical changes in the body, the patient’s memory, social situation and personal history. It is difficult to concretely describe this condition as it as many causes and degrees of intensity. Sometimes doctors describe it as emotion or an affect depending on the person describing it, whether it’s an outside observer (affect) or the person having it (emotion) (Ohman, 2000). Defining characteristics Anxiety can present itself in many ways. some forms of anxiety expressed themselves mildly, whereas others severely. This form depends on the stage of development. Mi ld anxiety occurs when the condition is still in its infantry stages. In most cases, the severe anxiety occurs when the anxiety is not managed during its early stages of development. The characteristics exhibited by mild anxiety are distinct from those exhibited by severe anxiety. Mild anxiety, for instance expresses in form of panic attack. The person is mostly likely to show mild signs as perspiration, and chills (Twamas and Bangi, 2003) In some cases, a patient may experience symptoms such as obsessive compulsive disorder. Such conditions imply that the condition is in middle stages of progression. For those with post-traumatic stress as a form of anxiety then it’s characterized by lack of sleep (Barlow, 2002). Late stages of anxiety disorder differ depending on the type of anxiety the patient suffers from. Patients with panic disorder then late stages are characterized by behavioral and cognitive traits. In this stage the patient may dread death or go crazy. Those who hav e phobia may also express certain strange characteristics at the late stage e.g. stop doing any activity at all. (Craske and Barlow, 2003). Additionally, it worth noting that cases of anxiety can present in different forms. There are model cases, contrary cases and the borderline cases. Model case of anxiety is a case where the patient depicts most of the general features associated with anxiety. Borderline case of anxiety is a product of neurological and psychological disturbances. The term

Argos Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP)

Argos Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP) Introduction The objective of this assignment is to understand Argos segmentation, targeting and positioning in strategic marketing and how Argos uses STP to gain competitive advantage. In strategic marketing STP plays a vital role in the organization or company because it is a marketing strategy for dividing market in segments, targeting customers and making a position for products. (Whaley, A.2010, P12) Competitive Advantage is important for a company because it gives a company advantage over its competitors and gained by offering consumers greater value, either by means of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and services. Argos is a unique retail company in the UK. Its slogan is choice, value and convenience (Argos i, 2010). Argos was founded in 1973 and it owned by GUS PLC. Argos sells general merchandise and other products for the home from 750 stores throughout the UK, republic of Ireland, North Ireland, Wales and Scotland. (HRG PLC Annual i 2010A). Moreover, there are 33,000 employees are working in Argoss stores. Argos serves over 130m customers through stores and takes 26% of sales through the internet. (Argos i, 2010). In 2010, there are 19,300 products registered in Argos latest spring and summer catalogued. (HRG PLC Annual i 2010).Argos majors products are toys, jewellery, sports, electrical goods and leisure equipment and these goods making up50% of its sales mix(scribd i:2010). As the leader in UK for general merchandise retailing, Argos latest revenue is  £1,812.8M in 2010 which is less from 2009 and it sales down 3%. Multi-channel sales grew to 44% of Argos sales in the first half of the year. The internet represented 32% of Argos sales (HRG PLCi: 2010B). Argos is unique amongst its major competitors. Its main competitors are Tesco, Asda, PC World, Homebase and Currys, and online retailer Amazon.co.uk. All competitors have internet presence. However, Tesco recently has been trying to imitate Argos retailing style with its Tesco direct catalogue and in-store shops. (Scribd i, 2010) What is STP? STP stands for Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning. In strategic marketing STP is the second level. In STP; segmentation(S) the market segment deciding which customer to target (T) deciding what messages you want the targets to associate with you; what is called positioning(P).The whole process of dividing the market in different segments, targeting customers and product positioning is known as STP. (Whalley, A. 2010,P12).STP is one of the most important processes in strategic marketing which management should take on both at the start of a new offer creation as well as part of a periodic revision of the collection of offers and strategies by the organization. Taken from Whalley, A. 2010, and P72. 2.1 Segmentation Segmentation is the first step in STP process. In strategic marketing Segmentation can be defined as a process of dividing the total market in different segments for product or service into distinct sub-groups. (Whalley, A. 2010, P72). In segmentation each segment represents a separate target market to be reached with a distinctive marketing mix. Market segment means dividing the market into different subsets of customers with different needs. Segmentation can also be summarized as dividing the market by set of Pre- determined criteria. (Taken from Whalley, A. 2010, P72) Different variables can play a role in purchasing decision of the customers. In segmentation it is important to focus on the customer needs rather than other variables such as geography, demographics, occasion, behaviours etc. Effective segmentation is not easy to achieve, because in the society different groups of people have different choices and needs about products. It can only be achieved when customers share similar of demands. 2.2 Targeting In the STP process, the second step is targeting the market. After the completion of segmentation companies decide which segment they need to target and it depends on the size, area, profit and growth of each segments. Thus, Targeting of market is defined as the identification of market segments that are identified as being the most likely purchasers of a companys product. (Whalley, A 2010:P76) In targeting, a company should target segments in which it has a differential advantage over its competitors. In targeting companies decide to target one or more segments. For that purpose choice about targeted segments should generally depend on the several factors. The first factor in targeting is checking the existing level of the competition and how good it is serving the customers need. The organisation should know about segment, how large it is and how we can expect it to grow and have company strengths as company that will helps customers demand particularly to one group of customers. Companys actual ability of communication with the segment is also an important factor for companies in targeting. (Whalley, A.2010:P76) 2.3 Positioning After segmentation and targeting the next step is positioning in STP process. It refers to the way in which an organization sets itself apart in the market and how its products are perceived by the target market as a whole. (Whalley, A 2010:P77) Product positioning is the process of designing product features. These features are product, place, promotion and distribution. Positioning is about the communication of the overall value of proposition such as that it creates and maintains it clearly to customers. A product position is the place where product occupies in consumers minds. Market position gives a product a clear, unique and desirable place in the minds of target consumers. It is very important for the firm to define market segments, determine the target segments and understand customer needs, expectation and priorities .The study of competitors positioning about services and products are very important for a company, because its essential for a company to make good position f or its customers and communication about products for customer needs. Customers need should be a main priority of an organization. (Whalley, A.2010:P77) Discuss Argoss segmentation, targeting and positioning 3.1 Argoss segmentation As discussed previously, market segmentation means dividing a market into different subsets of customers with different needs. Different variables can play a role in purchasing decision of customers. In Argos demographic approach is used because demography is the study of population and it refers to personal statistics like income, age, gender, nationality, religion, and occupations etc. Argos adopts demographic approach because this approach represent the every member of the society i.e. there are many high and low income people in society, they have different needs about products. Furthermore, people of different ages and choice for men and women also important for a company before dividing the market in different segments. Argoss strategy about market segmentation is to fulfil the need of every customer. It does not matter customer is rich or poor, male or female, educational or uneducated etc. Argos creates well balanced market segment for its target and product. (The Times i, 20 10) 3.2 Argoss Targeting Customers buying habits change with the passage of time. Advancement of the technology changes customer shopping habits because technology makes its access simple for people. Many people nowadays like to use modern technology for shopping and purchasing different products, for that purpose they like to use internet, telephone. Many people like to come into stores to buy goods but the proportions of online buyers are increasing. This behaviour of customers changes companies approach of targeting. Argos thus uses a variety of modern channels to communicate with customers and to provide them with facilities for inquiring about availability of stock, and for making purchases. Argos recognizes that its many customers have different needs and prefer to shop in different ways. Argos targeting approach is getting to success because Argoss customers have already decided what they want to buy before visiting stores. Argos targeting approach make its value reliable for its customers because its targeting strategy aims to target more and more customers and make easy access for its products. Hence, Argos is using modern technology to target its customers because in this busy world ,where people are using advanced technology for communication make essential for Argos to use it for targeting customers. (The Times i, 2010) 3.3 Argos Positioning As discussed previously, product positioning is the process of designing product features. These features are product, place, promotion and distribution. Positioning is the final step in STP process. A strong positioning strategy is very important for company. Argos product positioning is using a differentiated market strategy. Argos low prices create value for its customers and its branded products lines are able to meet the demands of customers. Argos uses low price strategy because it is able to achieve cutting cost through retailing channels and it does not require a large shop space and big staff. Argos positioning strategy about place divides in three formats. These formats are store format, online format and catalogues. In distribution feature, Argos distributes products through Royal mail and its own delivery services. Argos uses advertising tools like internet, TV and indirect advertising through shopping catalogues for the promotion of its products. (Scribd i, 2010) Argos as a truly multi-channel, value orientated general merchandise Retail Company. Its strategy about product positioning is differentiated and formatted. Argos offers highly competitive customers through its positioning features like product, place, distribution and promotion. Infrastructure advantages strategy is to gain infrastructure advantage to increase revenue for this purpose Argos spends capital to improve its stores because strong infrastructure also helpful to create product position in market for customers. Argos positioning about reductions or increased flexibility cost has been achieved while Argos is still maintaining or improving its operational standards. (HRG PLCi: 2010B). Conclusion In conclusion, the STP process always plays a vital role in strategic marketing, because of the division of market into segments, targeting segments and positioning of products. Argos is a unique retailer company in the UK. It has a unique STP strategy policy as a company for dividing market into segments; demographic strategy is used for market dividing because its more suitable than other variables such as geography, occasion, behaviours etc. Argos strategy for targeting customers is flexible because Argos uses a variety of modern channels to communicate with customers and to provide them with facilities for inquiring about availability of stock, and for making purchases. Argos strong product positioning is totally for the benefit of its customers. As a UK retailer company Argos is unique, popular and successful because it is focused around meeting customer needs. Argos has gained competitive advantage on the basis of providing the best value of money for its customers through the best products branding, low prices, place, distribution and promotion. In this assignment, my main objective was to discuss Argos as retailing company and its STP strategy in strategic marketing. Furthermore, its aim was to show how Argos uses STP to gain competitive advantage from rivals by differentiating itself on the basis of providing the best value for money for customers through the most convenient shopping experience.

Pain into Beauty Essay -- Personal Narrative Emotional Verbal Abuse Es

Pain into Beauty People look back on their childhoods in different ways. Some see it as a time of joy and laughter, love and learning. Many feel a bittersweet mixture of happy nostalgia, and painful moments. Some prefer not to look back at all, seeking only to move forward. Then there are people like me, who look back in anger, bitterness, and sorrow. It seems that few people enjoy a pain-free upbringing. In fact, the very idea of childhood is a fairly new concept. In the early part of the last century, children were considered miniature adults, and were expected to act that way. Abuse, as defined today, was ignored and sometimes encouraged. â€Å"Spare the rod and spoil the child.† Today, abuse is carefully defined and is illegal, but many cases slip through cracks, for many reasons. One big reason is that the abuse is not physical, or sexual. Emotional and verbal abuse is very hard to prove. I was certainly unable to prove it. I'm not even sure my parents are aware they abused me. It is said that our past make us who we are and I often wonder what my past has made me. I entered this world normally enough, in Tucson, Arizona; in the second hottest month of the year (July); at the hottest time of day (mid-afternoon). I had a mother and father who doted on me. At least, I assume they did. Tragedy struck early in my life, taking my mother from me at the age of two months. She died of a seizure caused by a tumor on her adrenal gland. I never knew her, so I always assumed that her death never really affected me. My boyfriend and therapist feel differently. After all, I may have been an infant, but I still suffered a terrible loss. Had my mother lived, I would likely be writing a happier tale. Yet all was not lost, after all I was not... ...do and think things I never thought I would do, and so in desperation I went to a therapist, before I ruined my relationship altogether. It was here I learned the truth, and it was here I saw how deep the damage goes. It is a black shadow on my heart, and it is one that I am unsure will ever leave. So where is the beauty? It's underneath that shadow, struggling to break free. I see it in the grades I earn and the bills I pay. I see it in my hobbies, and I see it somewhere in myself, a glimmer in my grey eyes. It keeps the fear of loss at bay, and keeps me from making decisions based on that fear. But most of all, I see it daily, in the eyes of my love. I could not have won his heart if I was all of the things my step-mother claimed I was. I could not love him if I was any of those things. So there is beauty inside the pain, and I chip at it daily, working it free Pain into Beauty Essay -- Personal Narrative Emotional Verbal Abuse Es Pain into Beauty People look back on their childhoods in different ways. Some see it as a time of joy and laughter, love and learning. Many feel a bittersweet mixture of happy nostalgia, and painful moments. Some prefer not to look back at all, seeking only to move forward. Then there are people like me, who look back in anger, bitterness, and sorrow. It seems that few people enjoy a pain-free upbringing. In fact, the very idea of childhood is a fairly new concept. In the early part of the last century, children were considered miniature adults, and were expected to act that way. Abuse, as defined today, was ignored and sometimes encouraged. â€Å"Spare the rod and spoil the child.† Today, abuse is carefully defined and is illegal, but many cases slip through cracks, for many reasons. One big reason is that the abuse is not physical, or sexual. Emotional and verbal abuse is very hard to prove. I was certainly unable to prove it. I'm not even sure my parents are aware they abused me. It is said that our past make us who we are and I often wonder what my past has made me. I entered this world normally enough, in Tucson, Arizona; in the second hottest month of the year (July); at the hottest time of day (mid-afternoon). I had a mother and father who doted on me. At least, I assume they did. Tragedy struck early in my life, taking my mother from me at the age of two months. She died of a seizure caused by a tumor on her adrenal gland. I never knew her, so I always assumed that her death never really affected me. My boyfriend and therapist feel differently. After all, I may have been an infant, but I still suffered a terrible loss. Had my mother lived, I would likely be writing a happier tale. Yet all was not lost, after all I was not... ...do and think things I never thought I would do, and so in desperation I went to a therapist, before I ruined my relationship altogether. It was here I learned the truth, and it was here I saw how deep the damage goes. It is a black shadow on my heart, and it is one that I am unsure will ever leave. So where is the beauty? It's underneath that shadow, struggling to break free. I see it in the grades I earn and the bills I pay. I see it in my hobbies, and I see it somewhere in myself, a glimmer in my grey eyes. It keeps the fear of loss at bay, and keeps me from making decisions based on that fear. But most of all, I see it daily, in the eyes of my love. I could not have won his heart if I was all of the things my step-mother claimed I was. I could not love him if I was any of those things. So there is beauty inside the pain, and I chip at it daily, working it free

Comparison and contrast of the general facilities and operations at DFW and Dubai Cargo Village

Dallas has a facility with unique features like the automated people mover, under this system the supplier personnel maintain the system while the owner operator the system. Both the supplier and the owner shares the facilities, this system was designed and enforced by the APM program.While in Dubai Cargo they don’t have the automated people movers systems. In terms of their size Dubai center is the bigger as compared to DFW. Both centers are similar in terms of meeting the regulation and standard set out by the aviation authority. (Uher 2005)The `secret sauce` of the UPS Worldport operationThe hidden secret sauce of the worldport is the flex. This is because flex manages the configuration of the building. All the applications which rely on each other know the destination of the package. Flex executes the configuration two times within one particular day.One his done during the night shift (for the packages of the next day) and the other is done during the day shift. (It proce ss over three hundred thousands second day air packages) The package tracking data is fed into the UPS data center in Mahwah, NJ by the two systems (one for international and one for domestic).The information is later used by the customer to locate their luggages or goods via the UPS website. After a package has completed its journey through the one hundred and twenty two miles, the package is directed to a destination chute that is loaded into a container, after which it is then rolled into the aircraft.In the entire process packages are only handled twice by the human beings: this is during loading and when unloading. Before the containers are loaded to the aircraft, they are pushed into the automated scales where they are weighed and checked.As the last container is being loaded into the aircraft, the conveyor’s belts hum ceases momentarily and the worldport becomes almost silent for a short duration. After a few hours a new team of TSG technicians start to inspect the IT hardware as they prepare for the next shift.The system will be reconfigured and a new sort plan will be formulated by flex. This system can be used with other companies, if done it is likely to increase the efficiency of the services that the company is delivering. (Uher 2005)Advantages and Disadvantages of the Hub and spoke system to MASkargoThe disadvantages are: Any disruption at the hub like a security problem or bad weather can result into delays into the entire system. secondly the operation efficiency of the entire system is greatly affected by hub’s capacity, thirdly it is difficult to schedule a flight given that the airline has to take into consideration all the needs of the spokes, lastly different airlines are selecting different cities has hubs this makes it difficult for the airline to get a reliable partner. . (Singh B 2003)The advantages are: it centralizes the operation, this makes it cheaper for the company in terms of management; lastly all the packages can be separated at the hub. (Singh B 2003)The major milestone achieved by Emirates Sky Cargo in 2005-2006Emirates Sky cargo succeeded in achieving the following: they bought three Airbus A 310 301Ft in Germany. This was going to be the first airbus that the airline was going to have. By buying the airbus the company succeeded in increasing the number of customers that they were going to serve, the company has also built a new center which is the biggest in Middle East.Comparison of the Dulles `Building 5` to MASkargo, Qatar and Emirates centersThe cargo building 5 has a handling space that measures 250,000 square feet, it has windows mezzanine office space measuring 37,000 square feet, its aircraft apron space is 440,450 square feet, storage space of 440,450 square feet.This makes it bigger than the MASkargo center in Malaysia; however the building is smaller as compared to Emirates and the Qatar centers. The drainage system of the four centers are the same, this is because they have to adhere to the international standards.The importance of capacity planning to airport management in regards to aircraft or passengersCapacity planning is important because it helps the airport authority to handle the traffic at the airport. Whenever the airport authority knows the numbers of planes that the airport can handle they cannot not allow any excess plane to come into the airport, this will reduce the number of accidents that are likely to occur in the airport as a result of congestion.Reference:Singh B 2003 Cargo crunch Malaysian Business News paper June 16th 2003 issueUher M 2005 Schriftenreihe des Instituts fà ¼r Transportwirtschaft & Logistik PDF retrieved from www.wu-wien.ac

Punishing an innocent person

Punishing an innocent person All societies around the world have adopted a set of laws that have been precisely designed to create an environment of peace, order and respect for universal human rights like the right to life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Punishing an innocent person specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has therefore been necessary to create institutions such as the police force and courts of law; which have been given a responsibility of detecting, arresting and punishing individuals that fail to live by established laws in a society. Generally, we have been intuited by our consciousness and our societies to approve punishments for the guilty (Those that have trudged on other’s rights or broken set laws). However, as we have often observed, our societies are so complex that it is hardly possible to establish a comprehensive system of appreciating the just and punishing the guilty. Just like the guilty, the innocent have and will continue to be punished. A number of philosophical thoughts have therefore been presented on the morality of punishing the innocent intentionally. These philosophical thoughts have tried to justify the punishment of an innocent person in some specific circumstances. It is useful here to evaluate the meaning of innocence. According to Murphy (2007), it is much easier to define innocence from the legal perspective as compared to doing the same from a moral perspective. From a legal perspective, someone can be judged to be guilty (the reverse of innocent) if he/she has engaged in an act or behavior that is not allowed by a set of rules governing a society where he/she comes from (Murphy, 2007). Moving to the moral field, the threshold moves to the grey scale as one is obliged to apply theories on morality, which often contradict each other, in order to define innocence (Murphy, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your fi rst paper with 15% OFF Learn More The utilitarian moral theory is oftentimes applied to justify the punishment of an innocent individual (Murphy, 2007). According to the utilitarian theory, an action or behavior can be evaluated to be morally acceptable or not depending on the effects that it will bring to the greatest number of people (Kay, 1997). When an action brings about happiness and pleasure to an extensive portion of a population that it will affect, then, such an action is morally acceptable in the eyes of a utilitarian (Kay, 1997). However, when an action brings about suffering and pain to an extensive segment of a population that it will affect, then, such an action is judged to be morally wrong in the eyes of a utilitarian (Kay, 1997). Considering that the process of punishing any person will automatically bring about pain to the one undergoing punishment, such a process will be morally acceptable to a utilitarian if it brings about joy to the most extens ive segment of a population (Kay, 1997). The action of punishing a person for breaking a law/laws cannot therefore be acceptable to a utilitarian if the action will fail to contribute in bringing joy to many (Kay, 1997). The innocence of an individual as it pertains to punishment is therefore of less importance here. What matters however is the effect of the punishment on the largest section of a populace-whether it will be able to bring them pleasure or pain (Kay, 1997). It is therefore possible to picture some complex scenarios that may justify the intentional punishment of an innocent person as it pertains to the utilitarian theory. For example, let’s imagine that a rioting and destructive mob capable of destroying properties as well as killing and injuring thousands of lives is demanding that a certain individual be killed (Newman, 1995). In this case, releasing the person whose life has been demanded by the destructive mob will definitely lead to many killings and pain; bringing about suffering and pain to many (Newman, 1995). On the other hand, killing the person whose life has been demanded by the destructive mob will deter the mob, and therefore save many lives and property, preventing pain for many (Newman, 1995). In this case, although the concerned person may be innocent; at least in legal terms, an individual or party that is guided by utilitarian principles will not hesitate to punish him (the person whose life has been demanded by the destructive mob) even if it means murdering him, because such an action will be deemed to have prevented suffering for the largest segment of a population (Newman, 1995).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Punishing an innocent person specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What about a person that has not been confirmed to be guilty and is held by the police for the reason that releasing such a person will lead to a series of crimes like murder that w ill immediately be done by the person in custody from the moment he is released (Newman, 1995). The person in custody, although innocent, can therefore be subjected to punishment as he is held in a prison where he endures limited freedom and deplorable living conditions in order to prevent him from bringing about harm to a portion of a society where he operates from (Newman, 1995). On the other hand, the person in custody can be given freedom by releasing him from custody, something that will precede a series of sufferings to a portion of a society where he operates from (Newman, 1995). The preferable action in the eyes of a utilitarian will therefore involve keeping the innocent person in custody, since this will prevent suffering to many. The person in custody is therefore sacrificed in order to save the largest portion of the society from pain (Newman, 1995). It may also be necessary for a government to design and implement a policy tailored to combat a wrong that has been done t o a population segment and bring the level of that segment to that of others in a society, as it pertains to their economic wellbeing among other parameters (Kay, 1997). Such a process will involve establishing policies like affirmative action to specifically favor minorities and the powerless in a society. Implementing affirmative action means that individuals living in a society where such a policy is implemented will be compelled to sacrifice some of their rights that they would otherwise have enjoyed; such as the access to employment and education, in order for such rights to be distributed to minorities (Kay, 1997). Although members of such a society may be innocent from oppressing minorities, they have been obliged to endure some form of punishment: when they sacrifice part of their rights (Kay, 1997). Such a price and sacrifice is of necessity in order for a government to accommodate every citizen and for the promotion of equality within a society. For the purpose of preservi ng an important moral value that has been threatened in a society, say the value of freedom, a process that may involve punishing the innocent may become a necessity (Newman, 1995). In such a case, it may be necessary for a nation to go to war.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To defeat the enemy, it may be impossible to avoid injuries and casualties including those that are in no way involved in combat (Newman, 1995). It therefore becomes necessary to punish innocent segments of a population residing in an environment that is controlled by an enemy, during combat (Newman, 1995). Although the principles of morality are hardly counted before embarking in combat, it may become morally right to consider the pain and suffering of populations affected by the war as a necessity required to protect and uphold a valuable moral right such as the right to freedom (Newman, 1995). The threat of terrorism for example has inspired fear and strived to limit our right to freedom (Newman, 1995). Although the exercise of wisdom and control is of necessity to prevent unnecessary suffering during the war on terror, it may become unavoidable at times for a nation to participate in combat- in the endeavor of mitigating terrorism and preserving societal rights (Newman, 1995). C onclusion As has been seen, it becomes necessary in certain circumstances to subject innocent individuals to punishment to achieve certain moral purposes. The utilitarian theory justifies the punishment of a person whether guilty or not on the criteria that such a punishment will inevitably lead to the wellbeing of the most extensive population segment in a society. Besides, policies like the affirmative action that emphasize on equality oblige government to compel some society members to sacrifice part of their rights for distribution to minorities. It may also become necessary to punish innocent members of communities in an environment controlled by an enemy by a nation that has gone to war to preserve important moral values like the right to freedom. Reference List Kay, D., January 20, 1997.Utilitarianism. [Online] New York: Wofford. http://sites.wofford.edu/kaycd/utilitarianism/ Murphy, G.J, 1990. The killing of the innocent. The Monist, 57 (4), p. 527-550. Newman, G., 1995. Jus t and painful. New York: McMillan.

Should the SAT be Use to Evaluate Student Application for Ad essays

Should the SAT be Use to Evaluate Student Application for Ad essays Throughout their years in high school, students carry anxiety and heavy burden on their backs over the supposedly, most important test of their life time, the SAT. The test is known as Americas oldest and most widely used college entrance exam. It is composed of two sections, Verbal and Math, each scored on a 200-800 point scale. The test questions are almost exclusively multiple-choice... as stated in article, Gender Bias in College Admissions Tests. The result of this test will determine their future and as well as alter their goals. They avidly study, spending hundreds and thousands of dollars cumulatively to prepare for the test. Brain Doherty, in his article Those Who Cant, Test, states ...last year 35,000 kids paid the nationwide coaching service almost $26 million to learn how to beat the standardized test. SAT preparation programs such as Kaplan or Princeton Review flourish as more and more students realize the need to do well in order to gain acceptance into a good co llege. Today, the SAT exams are so overrated that the test preparation industry blossomed. Furthermore, the real purpose of the SAT test has completely been hidden under many thick layers of misconceptions. The SAT test no longer measure intelligences but rather how much time and money the individual spent in preparation. The purpose of the SAT has evolved much over time and has lost its meaning and fairness altogether-it has deviated over time and it does not test all the knowledge a person has; thus the UC school system, along with other colleges should not evaluate student applications for admission based on their SAT scores. The SAT was created to give equal opportunities for an education to all people, but unfortunately, in the world today, the purpose of the SAT has deviated. During the early days, only members of the elite class were given a chance for proper educa...

Forensic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Forensic - Essay Example Secondly, the entire scene has to be documented with the specific location of where the evidence was found indicated. Thirdly, the digital evidence is collected, labelled and preserved. After that, the already secured evidence is packed and transported in a secure manner. Lastly, it is presented in court without any alterations. It is important to follow all the steps in order maximise on the viability of the evidence. Poor handling of the evidence, is likely to render it in usable due to tampering (CDESF Working Group, 2006). Once at the scene, I had to ensure that I record what is visible on the screen as I wait the full legal authority team to seize the evidence to continue with further examination of the computer. After seizing the computer, I will label, pack and transport it to a secure place so that it can be used to provide evidence. Encryption was used in the past to prevent people from viewing incriminating files (Taylor, Haggerty, Gresty, & Hegarty, 2010). A message is encoded using a particular key, hence making it impossible for anybody to decrypt it. Lastly, media database systems can be unified into one. Encryption and stenography can be used legitimately by forensic examiners to ensure that there is minimal tampering with the collected evidence. Stenography was used in the past to ensure confidential communication. Secondly, it can be used to protect data since it is

JAPANESE CIVILIZATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

JAPANESE CIVILIZATION - Essay Example The sense of commitment to never be defeated in anything, even at the point of death is a guarantee to obtain success and wealth. In the words of the writer, â€Å"if one is aroused, heaven and earth will move in response,† (Hagakure, 476). This is a justification enough to put everyone in total focus of their goals, without any thought of failure, which ensures that they can achieve anything. The obligation of daimyo to the land (bakufu) is to constantly fight for it, staying in the state of preparedness at all times to engage in a fight to protect the land, even to the point of death. â€Å"I have found that the way of samurai is death. This means that when you have to choose between life and death, you have to quickly choose death,† (Hagakure, 479). This obligation influences samurai’s life and that of his family to total devotion towards the protection of their role in leadership model. The expectation of the people, regardless of their categories, whether as merchant, commoner, artisans or samurai is that bravely and victory should be exuded at all times. This serves to give daimyo the confidence to handle all challenges and triumph at all

Freedom of Human Will Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Freedom of Human Will - Essay Example After all, without the notion of freedom as an attainable state another crucial phenomenon that exists in any society would virtually collapse. This phenomenon pertains to the notion of control that we may have over the ways we conduct our relationships in the wide sense of this word. The importance that human beings assign to the need of being in control of themselves, of those around them, and of external circumstances that they are immersed in, reflects one of the essential qualities of human nature as such - that of the striving of man to change the world we lives in, to adapt it to human needs, and to feel secure in it. All these aspirations presuppose the presence of at least some degree of control on the part of man, and with the development of human societies the phenomenon of control in its different social, economic, and political manifestations represented by schemes of distribution of power was gaining more and more elaborated and intricate forms. At the same time, along with macro events such as political and economic processes micro level of human relationships is not a less interesting realm of investigation aimed at finding out what the notion of control is, and whether we really have control over relationships in our life. Let us try to take a closer look at both macro and micro sociological scale of our life in order to examine what degree of control we really may have over the ways we conduct our relationships. Perhaps, such a discussion would also help us better understand the interrelation between the conception of control and the more fundamental notion of freedom of human will from which it stems. Definitions of control First of all, as we are speaking about control we have to define what we mean by it. In this respect, various definitions can be applied, ranging form the far-reaching characterisation of control as a power to determine, direct, and dominate, which in a positive way (similarly to the formulation of the concept of positive liberty that stands for 'freedom for'(Carter, 2003) suggests that an agent exercising control possesses creative and almost God-like qualities, to the much more humble description of control as an ability of a human agent to restrain for some purpose her or his emotions, desires, or certain impetuses (Miller, 1998, pp.9-12). This latter definition offers a negative account of control, which again can be compared with the concept of negative liberty formulated as 'freedom from' (Carter, 2003). In between these definitions a range of intermediary ones can be located that specify different application of control in social, economic, private, and other spheres of human activity. However, it seems that it is the consideration of the outlined extreme poles represented by the positive and negative definitions of cont

Top games Essay Example for Free

Top games Essay Nearly all the children could do the above I therefore suggest that the game is appropriate for the age range I planned it for. Throughout this observation the children have gained developing co-ordination and control over the cards. They have used fine motor skills to lift a turn over the cards, for the first few times the children turned over the cards they had a little difficulty all of the children discovered however that if they slide the card to the edge of the table it was easier to pick up. They have also been learning about sharing and turn taking and how everyone has to have fair turns and not to hurry them along. They have been thinking about ordinal numbers (first second etc) and what number comes next, and also through my open-ended questions, about lengths and sizes of the lines. B F Skinners theory of positive and negative reinforcement also fits in here. If a child gets a number and puts it in the correct order, they may be praised, told well done. There actions have been reinforced (positive reinforcement). On the other hand a child may not come first the first time they play the game, they may not like this feeling which would inspire them to really try the next time, although if they do not come first again the may take a disliking to the game. I was fully prepared for the activity as all I needed was the game cards, I didnt need any additional resources. I discussed with my placement supervisor the suitability of the game and whether she thought it to be age and stage appropriate to these children. I was mostly completely planned and ready for this activity although it would have been helpful if I could have more time, there was enough time to play quite a few games, but not all the children in the class got a chance to play and not also was that unfair to some of the children I could have benefited from seeing the whole class dealing with the game to support my evaluation more. As I have said the number of children in the group was correct it was easy to manage the situation. I think that I gave clear instructions although it may have made more sense to the children if I had set down some firm ground rules at the start. Again the only thing that did not go to plan was the amount of time I had allocated for the game. The resources I made was suitable for its purpose it lasted quite well and was quite durable as they were backed onto card I think in future I would laminate the cards so they were more durable. It did help the children to learn, but I think it would have been more helpful to them if the numbers were higher as most of the children already knew their numbers one to five quite well. I could also have made different versions of the game such as, instead of trains I could do flowers or animals depending on what the subject they were focusing on at the time was. Mind map-China-I think that including the whole class was suitable because the children all gained feedback off each other. Although it was quite difficult to tell how many of the children could count the suggestions as they all counted at the same time, some of the children could have been following what everyone else was saying. When the children were asked (separately) how many suggestions to make twenty? they took a little longer than I had expected to work it out but got it right in the end. Some of the children had a little prompting as how to work it out. As the suggestion about Chinese writing came up a lot I wasnt sure if the children were copying the first child who suggested it or whether they were going to suggest it in the first place. Tassoni and Beith (2002 p 400) state that between the ages of four and six years a child should normally be: Showing more understanding and using reason based on their experiences ? Starting to use and understand symbols e. g. reading and writing Again nearly all the children could do the above I suggest therefore that this activity is appropriate for the age and stage of these children. The children have been learning in the area of knowledge and understanding of the world they have been thinking of past events that they could link with the subject of China (e. g. I had a Chinese last night). The children have expanded in their knowledge of listening, not interrupting and waiting to be asked before speaking. They have also learnt a bit about how to discuss with people. They have also been learning about mathematics by counting how many suggestions are on the board and calculating how many more Again with this activity I can see where B F Skinners theory fits in. in a similar way to the first activity if a child comes up with good suggestions they will get a well done. This will encourage them to think deeper to think of another suggestion to get the same praise (positive reinforcement). B F Skinner also says that by ignoring certain behaviour it may disappear which could be done with the children that interrupt. Tassoni and Beith (2992 p 223) state that adults need to extend childrens vocabulary and help them to use language as a way of thinking, open questions can be used when working with children. This means asking questions where children have to give more than one worded answers during my activity I believe I covered this as I asked a few open ended and the children responded well. Children also need to learn the skills of listening and this means that we must be good role models for them by listening to them although the children were good at listening I still believe that I acted as a good role model to them by listening to all of the suggestions and not being dismissive. I wasnt prepared for the amount of suggestions that the children gave it may have been helpful if I had a spare piece of paper for such circumstances. I had discussed with my placement supervisor the suitability of this activity I discussed whether it was age and stage appropriate and whether it was stimulating enough for the children to sit there for a while and pay attention. I think that the time I had allocated for this activity was appropriate; the times were roughly similar when the children started to run out of suggestions and when we had to start the next activity. The activity was a success there was good feedback later on throughout the day and the children were also asking to have other people suggestions explained to them (showing they were interested in the subject). I had extra support from my supervisor to manage all of the children as it was a class of twenty-eight so it was managed quite well. I gave clear instructions about what we were doing but not about how they had to sit or that they had to wait to be asked. I think that it would have been beneficial to explain this before the activity was started to set down the ground rules. Other than this all went to plan with the activity. Recommendations The train game when I asked the children the questions I often got one-word answers, in order to help them expand on the subject more, the adult in the situations asking more open-ended questions about the subject could do this. During the game I had two children with the same favourite colour I dealt with this by playing two games, it may have been easier to ask the children to swap in the middle of the game or to not let the children choose at all I could just deal the cards to them. I could also for future games keep the colours the same (starting cards one colour, number one cards another colour etc). In order for the children to progress, I could make other cards numbered up to ten, if this proved to difficult because of the amount of cards on the table they could be separated into two piles one to five and six to ten. I could also play the game backwards if they had managed it the original way well. I could make the cards colour co-ordinated e. g. either they have to get the whole set of one colour to win or that the aim is to make a pattern. The best way I think to extend this activity would be turning it into a quiz each child is asked a maths question, if they get the question right they can turn over a card if they get it wrong they will wait until their next turn. In this activity whatever the version an adult would need to be present to make sure the game is being carried out in the way planned, that the children are all taking turns and that the children are being sensible with the cards.

Morals and Intelligence :: essays research papers fc

MORALS AND INTELLIGENCE The United States must maintain the highest standard of morals during intelligence missions. There are many ways that information from intelligence missions can be compromised, and far to many ways that the members of the mission teams can be exploited. Due to the risk of allowing one’s self or the mission to be compromised, a high moral professional and personal standard should be ever present when accomplishing intelligence missions. The first issue dealing with morals and intelligence is finding the right person(s) to conduct a mission. There must be a level of unquestionable integrity present if a person is to successfully complete missions without jeopardizing the information collected. The Mossad (Israeli Intelligence) has made a practice of finding and exploiting personnel that work around classified information as well as those in the position to observe the behavior of said personnel (Thomas 33). Intelligence agencies around the world look for behavioral patterns in an individual’s character. For instance, if a person drinks too much, desires expensive things, or is a sexual deviant there is a possibility that, with the proper motivation, the information they have been entrusted with could be revealed. Another problem when dealing with intelligence operations is that during an operation the agent is not allowed to collect, analyze, or disseminate any information that may be incidentally collected on a United States citizen. When the United States Marine Corps collects intelligence for operations on military bases with aerial photography, there must be expressed written permission by neighboring communities that may be photographed in conjunction with the collection methods (OpsO VMU-1). There are times when intelligence is collected while in training areas that bordering communities may be depicted as well. These individual families or businesses must each approve of being possibly viewed during surveillance, as long as they are not the actual target of the intelligence gathering operation. The same rules of engagement apply while in combat situations. The morality of secret operations has been questioned since intelligence first began. The President of the United States must decide at the highest level which secret operations should be conducted and which are not ethical. The problem that has happened in the past is that the President has looked at the Director of Central Intelligence as his â€Å"personal advisor† when it comes to advising on intelligence affairs (Johnson 292). President Kennedy looked to his brother Bobby when making decisions of national security, and President Reagan set up his personal friend, Walter Clark, as his National Security Advisor.